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Bipolar Research Paper
Bipolar Disorder: Prevalence of Misdiagnoses & Comorbidity
Liberty University

Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a complex and disabling psychiatric disorder that has been frequently misdiagnosed for years (Ghaemi, Ko, & Goodwin, 2002). The most current research suggests that 69 percent of those who have bipolar disorder were initially misdiagnosed (Tracy, 2013). A common challenge clinicians face when attempting to accurately diagnosis bipolar disorder is the factor of comorbidity (Hawke, Provencher, Parikh, & Zagorski, 2013). Therefore, it is necessary for mental health care professionals to comprehend the diagnostic features and the manifestation of bipolar disorder to decrease and hopefully eliminate misdiagnoses. This paper will thoroughly discuss these core areas of bipolar disorder, as well as the statistical prevalence of misdiagnoses, comorbidity, and the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lastly, the paper will conclude with a brief description of some ways that clinicians can avoid contributing to the prevalence of misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar Disorder: Prevalence of Misdiagnoses & Comorbidity Bipolar disorder is a complex and disabling psychiatric disorder that has been frequently misdiagnosed for years (Ghaemi, Ko, & Goodwin, 2002). The most current research suggests that 69 percent of those who have bipolar disorder were initially misdiagnosed (Tracy, 2013). A common challenge clinicians face when attempting to accurately diagnosis bipolar disorder is the factor of comorbidity (Hawke, Provencher, Parikh, & Zagorski, 2013). For instance, research has found that 65% of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder also have another concurrent disorders such as substance abuse (Theodore, Basco, & Biggan, 2012). Therefore, it is essential for mental health care professionals to comprehend the diagnostic features and the manifestation bipolar disorder to decrease and



References: American Psychiatric Press Inc. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-V (5th ed.). Doweiko, H. E. (2012). Concepts of chemical dependency (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Ghaemi, S., Ko, J., & Goodwin, F Hauser, M., & Correll, C. U. (2013). The significance of at-risk or prodromal symptoms for bipolar I disorder in children and adolescents. Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 58(1), 22-31. Hawke, L. D., Provencher, M. D., Parikh, S. V., & Zagorski, B. (2013). Comorbid anxiety disorders in Canadians with bipolar disorder: clinical characteristics and service use. Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 58(7), 393-401. Kesebir, S., Şayakçı, S., & Süner, Ö. (2012). Comparison of bipolar patients with and without late onset. Dusunen Adam: Journal Of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences, 25(3), 244-251. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2012250307 Maddux, J Miller, N., Gold, M., & Smith, D.  (1997). Manual of therapeutics for addictions.  New York, NY. Wiley-Liss, Inc. Singh, T. & Rajput, M. (2006). Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry (Edgmont). Smith, M Stensland, M. D., Schultz, J. F., & Frytak, J. R. (2010). Depression diagnoses following the identificationof bipolar disorder: costly incongruent diagnoses. BMC Psychiatry, 1039-46. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-39 Theodore, R., Basco, M., & Biggan, J Tracy, N. (2013). Why are so many people with Bipolar Disorder Misdiagnosed? Health Line. Retrieved on September 28th 2013 Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health-blogs/bipolar-bites/why-are-so-many-people-bipolar-disorder-misdiagnosed

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