Autism Review

National Centre for Autism Studies Literature Review of Autism for HM Inspectorate of Education May 2005

Helen Marwick, Aline-Wendy Dunlop and Tommy MacKay

www.strath.ac.uk/autism-ncas

Authors

Dr. Helen Marwick, Co-Director, National Centre for Autism Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde Professor Aline-Wendy Dunlop, Lead Director, National Centre for Autism Studies, Chair of Childhood & Primary Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde Dr. Tommy Mackay, Co-Director, National Centre for Autism Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde

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Contents
Acknowledgments Scope of review Key Findings Page 4 Page 5 Page 8 Page 10 Page 10 Page 12 Page 16 Page 19 Page 22 Page 27 Page 33 Page 34 Page 37 Page 39

SECTION 1. Overview of Autism
Background to autism, its causes and diagnosis Definition of autistic spectrum disorders Identification Prevalence Causes Outcomes Interventions The range of approaches used to teach children with autism Issues around Effectiveness of Interventions

SECTION 2. Evidence of the effectiveness of approaches
Review Method Presentation of evidence of effectiveness of approaches Structured education and environment Behavioural approaches Augmented Alternative Communication (AAC) systems/PECS Developmental and Interactive approaches Music therapy and interaction Parental programmes Peer mediated support Social interaction groups Socio-constructive/cognitive approaches Sensory and motor approaches Biomedical approaches

Page 39 Page 40 Page 42 Page 45 Page 48 Page 51 Page 56 Page 56 Page 58 Page 59 Page 70 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 78 Page 79 Page 101 Page 102 Page 103 Page 107

SECTION 3. Appraisal
Summary References Appendices Appendix 1: Example of sub – table used for each approach Appendix 2: Summary Table - Effectiveness and Appraisal of approach types in relation to teaching children with autism. Appendix 3: Key themes and methodologies for intervention in

References: tables Aarons, M. & Gittens, T. (1998) Autism. A social skills approach for children and adolescents. Bicester: Speechmark, Baker, J. (2004) Social skills training for children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome and social communication problems. Autism Asperger Publishing Company. Barratt, P. et al. (2000) Developing pupil’s social communication skills. Practical resources. David Fulton Publishers. Bauminger, N. (2002) The facilitation of social-emotional understanding and social interaction in high functioning children with autism. Intervention outcomes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32 (4): 283-398. Broderick, C., Caswell, R., Gregory, S., Marzolini, S., & Wilson, O. (2000) Can I join the club? ' A social integration scheme for adolescents with Asperger syndrome. Autism, 6(4), 427-431. Firth, C. & Venkatesh, K. (1999) Semantic-pragmatic language disorder. Oxon: Winslow Press. Freeman, S.K., Dake, L. & Tamir, I. (1996) Teach Me Language: A language manual for children with autism, Asperger 's syndrome and related developmental disorders. Langley, BC, Canada: SKF Books. Hutchins, S., Comins, J., & Offiler, J. (1991) Social Skills Handbook : Practical activities for social communication. Bicester: Speechmark Kamps, D., Royer, J., Dugan, E., Kravits, T., Gonzalez-Lopez, A., Garcia, J., Carnazzo, K., Morrison, L. & Kane, L. (2002) Peer training to facilitate social interaction for elementary students with autism and their peers. Exceptional Children, 68, 173-187. Kelly, A. (1996) Talkabout. A social communication skills package. Oxon: Winslow Press. Mackay, G. & Anderson, C (Ed). (2000) Teaching Children with Pragmatic Difficulties of Communication. London: David Fulton Publishers. Mesibov, G. (1984) Social skills training with verbal autistic adolescents and adults: a program model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 395-402. Ozonoff, S. & Miller, J.N. (1995) Teaching theory of mind: A new approach to social skills training for individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25:415-433, 1995 90 Rinaldi, W. (1992) The Social Use of Language Programme. Windsor: NFER-Nelson Robins & Hall (2003). Video excerpts. Schwartz, L. (1991). What do you think?: A kid’s guide to dealing with daily dilemmas. Santa Barbara, CA: The Learning Works, Inc. Schwartz, L. (1991). What would you do?: A kid’s guide to tricky and sticky situations. Santa Barbara, CA: The Learning Works, Inc. Spence, S. (1995). Social Skills Training. Enhancing Social Competence with Children & Adolescents. Windsor: NFER-Nelson Williams T. (1989). A social skills group for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 143-155. 91