Atpl Summary

Formulas / ATPL theory summary
(Rob Groothuis)

Index ATPL

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Handy formulas / guidelines general Formulas all subjects General navigation Meteorology Instrumentation Communications VFR / IFR Mass and balance Flight planning Human performance & limitations Radio navigation Principles of flight Aviation law Operational procedures Performance Aircraft general knowledge

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Handy formulas/guidelines general
**PUSH THE HEAD AND PULL THE TAIL** intercepting NDB QDR/QDM

glidepath ⋅ height ⋅ ( ft ) =

glidepath ⋅ angle × distance (ft) ≈ (300 ft/nm) 60

rate of descent (ft/min): GS x 5 = 3° glide path climb gradient = rate ⋅ of ⋅ c lim b × 6000 TAS × 6080

glide path in ° =

...% x 60 100
TAS + 7 (approximation) 10

angle of bank in rate 1 turn = radius of turn (NM) =

TAS rate × 60 × π

V 2 (m / s ) radius of turn (m) = 10 × tan⋅ bankangle

’’n’’ (load factor) =

1 cos⋅ bankangle

load ⋅ factor = VStall increasing factor
IAS (position/instrument error) RAS/CAS (compressibility) EAS (density) TAS

EAS =

relative ⋅ density x TAS (example: relative density = ¼ at 40000 ft)

VOR’s variation at station / NDB’s variation at aircraft. relative bearing + true heading = true bearing QDR + var. = QTE (QDR = magnetic from station / QTE = true from station) QDM ± 180° = QDR (radial) / QDM = ’’bearings on the RMI’’ (QDR = magnetic to) LSS (kt) = 38,94 T (° K ) [273°K = 0°C]

LSS = 661 kt (at sea level at ISA temp.= 288 k) LSS = 573 kt (ISA tropopause temp.= 216,5 k)

mach ⋅ no. =

TAS LSS
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ATPL formulas – General navigation departure (E/W) in NM = ∆ longitude (in minutes) x cosine latitude (earth) convergency = ∆ longitude x sine mean latitude conversion angle = ½ x convergency

northern hemisphere

rumbline great