Anthropology 2013 Paper

Lesson 1 Notes archaeological anthropology | The study of human behavior and cultural patterns and processes through the culture's material remains. | ascribed status | Social status (e.g., race or gender) that people have little or no choice about occupying. |

cultural anthropology | The study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. |

cultural relativism | The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect. Extreme relativism argues that cultures should be judged solely by their own standards. |

culture | Distinctly human; transmitted through learning; traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs. |

enculturation | The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations. ethnocentrism-The tendency to view one's own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards. |

Ethics moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior

Ethnocentrism the tendency to judge the customs of other societies by the standards of one’s Own

ethnography | Field work in a particular culture. |

ethnology | Cross-cultural comparison; the comparative study of ethnographic data, of society, and of culture. |

Evolution The process by which small but cumulative changes in a species can lead to its Transformation

Fossils The naturally mineralized remains of earlier forms of life

gender roles | The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex. |

Holism The philosophical view that no complex entity can be Considered to be only the sum of its parts

Homo sapiens The human species

Human Ecology The study of how human societies interact with their social and Physical environments

linguistic