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Anaximedes

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Anaximedes
Anaxímedes
Filósofo griego. Discípulo de Anaximandro y de Parménides, se desconocen la mayor parte de los detalles de la biografía de Anaxímenes y de sus actividades. Según la información del historiador Apolodoro, Anaxímenes vivió hacia la época de la toma de Sardes y murió antes de que la ciudad de Mileto fuera destruida (494 a.C.).

Miembro de la escuela milesia, Anaxímenes afirmó que el principio material y primero, el origen de todas las cosas (arché) era el aire, sustancia sensible, pero que raya en lo incorpóreo. Explica el origen de todas las cosas a partir de un doble proceso por el que el aire se modifica: rarefacción, que da origen al fuego, y condensación, del que se derivan las nubes, el agua, la tierra y las rocas.

Con estas dos nociones, Anaxímenes explica los cambios de la naturaleza, o lo que es lo mismo, dos modalidades de movimiento: cuantitativa y cualitativa. El mundo entero está envuelto en el aire como en su propia alma. La misma alma humana, fundida en el alma del mundo, es también aire. De esta manera concibió el mundo como un ser vivo, análogamente a como concebía el alma de los hombres: «De la misma manera que nuestra alma, que es aire, nos sostiene, igualmente un soplo y el aire envuelven el mundo entero.» En su concepción, la Tierra es plana y flota, pero no ya sobre el agua, como quería Tales, sino en el aire; sostuvo también que los astros no se mueven bajo la Tierra sino en torno a

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