Anatomy: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY
AND PHSYSIOLOGY

Professor Carrie Polnyj

Blood Flow THROUGH the
RIGHT Heart
• Superior vena cava/ inferior vena cava • Right atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary artery

Blood Flow through the Left
Heart
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Pulmonary veins
Left Atrium
Mitral/bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aorta (ascending/ descending) 1

Cardiac Contraction
• Diastole=relaxation=filling with blood
• Systole=contraction=ejection of blood
• Left and right heart work simultaneously yet independently

Tricuspid/Bicuspid Valves
• During Atrial filling
(diastole) the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are closed. • As the pressure in the atria increase, the valves are forced open and blood drops into the ventricles Pulmonic/Aortic Valves
• During ventricular filling (diastole), the pulmonic and aortic valves are closed (shut)
• As the pressure in the ventricles increases, these valves are forced open and eject blood into the aorta/systemic circulation (systole)

2

Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium=inner layer. Continous with valves and lining of blood vessels
• Myocardium=middle layer. “Muscle”
• Pericardium=outer layer, “double layer”, filled with pericardial fluid. Cardiac Conduction
• Sinoatrial (SA) node
(through right atrium)
• Bachmann’s bundle
(through left atrium)
• Atrioventricular (AV) node • Bundle of His (R &L)
(through the ventricles)

Blood Supply TO the Heart
• Right coronary artery – R ventricle,
SA/AV node
– Inferior wall
MI with bradycardia 3

Blood Supply TO the Heart
• Left Coronary
Artery
– Main supplier of left ventricle
(anterior wall)
– Lateral wall of left atrium and ventricle – Massive MI
– High mortality rate Blood supply TO the heart
• Left anterior descending – Anterior wall left ventrilce – Anteroseptal MI

Blood Supply TO the Heart
• Left Circumflex
– Lateral wall left atrium and ventricle – Lateral