Allium cepa (Onion) skin, Anthurium andreanum (Anthurium) spathe, and Rosa rugosa (Red Rose) Petal Extract as an Alternative Highlighter Pen Pigment: A Comparative Study
Table of Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Acknowledgment
Abstract
The Problem: Rationale and Background
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgment
The researchers would like to the following persons below because they help them to make this research paper possible. They are also thankful for their unending support.
GOD BLESS!!!
Leo Pigao
Susan Andres
Edeliza Caparas
Marites Sanchez
Arma Cantre
Aurora Lazaro
Alma Castaño
ABSTRACT
Flavonoid pigments make plants colorful. Due to the varied colors, the researchers used extracts of Anthurium spathe, Onion skin and Rose petals as an alternative highlighter pen pigment to commercially available highlighter.
The preparations of pigments were treated differently for quality sake. One was by boiling the samples in 100ml denatured alcohol for 1-2 minutes and the other was for 3-5 minutes in100ml water then, cooled and strained using a piece of cloth. Add calamansi juice with
25ml ethylene glycol and 15ml phenol for the improvement of quality.
Each was evaluated using a rating scale of 1-5, having 5 as the most acceptable in terms of color, odor and texture. The experiment was observed by the researchers within 14 days and rated by selected 30 students.
Using F-test, the F-computed for color and odor on researchers’ observation were
1411.27 and 117.28 respectively, highly significant while texture was 1.91, insignificant at F.05 (2,
26)
= 3.369. On the survey, the F- computed for color, odor and texture were 270.80, 3.56 and
13.87 respectively, highly significant at F.05
(3,87)
= 2.709. These mean that the use of natural
pigments was significantly effective in terms of color, odor and texture for highlighter pens.
Among the samples, the pigment from Rose was the
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Acknowledgment
Abstract
The Problem: Rationale and Background
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgment
The researchers would like to the following persons below because they help them to make this research paper possible. They are also thankful for their unending support.
GOD BLESS!!!
Leo Pigao
Susan Andres
Edeliza Caparas
Marites Sanchez
Arma Cantre
Aurora Lazaro
Alma Castaño
ABSTRACT
Flavonoid pigments make plants colorful. Due to the varied colors, the researchers used extracts of Anthurium spathe, Onion skin and Rose petals as an alternative highlighter pen pigment to commercially available highlighter.
The preparations of pigments were treated differently for quality sake. One was by boiling the samples in 100ml denatured alcohol for 1-2 minutes and the other was for 3-5 minutes in100ml water then, cooled and strained using a piece of cloth. Add calamansi juice with
25ml ethylene glycol and 15ml phenol for the improvement of quality.
Each was evaluated using a rating scale of 1-5, having 5 as the most acceptable in terms of color, odor and texture. The experiment was observed by the researchers within 14 days and rated by selected 30 students.
Using F-test, the F-computed for color and odor on researchers’ observation were
1411.27 and 117.28 respectively, highly significant while texture was 1.91, insignificant at F.05 (2,
26)
= 3.369. On the survey, the F- computed for color, odor and texture were 270.80, 3.56 and
13.87 respectively, highly significant at F.05
(3,87)
= 2.709. These mean that the use of natural
pigments was significantly effective in terms of color, odor and texture for highlighter pens.
Among the samples, the pigment from Rose was the
Bibliography: colorization is the flavonoid(Albert Szent-Gyorgy, 1938).