On the 17/10/12, the European Commission published a proposal to raise the climate benefits of biofuels and to acknowledge and limit global land conversion for biofuel production in the EU. The use of first generation biofuels has been limited to 5%; enabling stimulation towards the development of second generation biofuels needed to fulfil the outstanding 5%.…
Due to high cost of crude oil, the nation is in turmoil over prices of gas prices. This letter is a proposal for drilling in the ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge). Drilling in the ANWR is meant solely to reduce the reliability on foreign crude oil and to help the nation in its economic down side due to the rise in gas prices.…
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact within their environment. Every species interacts with its surroundings, whether it’s within their populations, community, ecosystem, etc. In this lab, we will be comparing two different species and how they grow alone as well as together, in the same environment. More specifically, in this lab, we will be dealing with one of the most important ideas in ecology, the niche. Due to this concept, we can study the environmental circumstances the organism can handle, the essential resources it will need to survive, and how it will obtain these resources. “Different species can hold similar niches, and the same species may occupy different niches” (Wikipedia). This could mean that although these two organisms are living in the same environment, they are still capable of growing because it is possible for different species to live in the same niche and share the same limiting resource.…
But then again that equals one thousand million tons of oil each year, which is pretty cool. Biomass is used mostly in in developing countries such as Kenya, which 75% of their energy comes from biomass. Then other more populated countries also have a good number of used biomass. India uses 50%, China 33%, then Brazil uses 25%. The United States, being a rich country uses only 3% of biomass. Which is sad because to have a better future the states should use more biomass.…
The algae blooms are being stopped by canadian and american authorities spending billions of dollars reducing phosphorus that make the plants grow. Farmers use new techniques so less pollutants get into the waterways making the algae bloom problem more intractable.…
Today, renewable energy sources are commonly used to replace fossil fuels due to the lacking of oil, gas, etc. An alternative energy source is ethanol (C2H5OH). It is an alcohol fuel manufactured by fermentation and distillation of crops that are high with starch and sugar, such as grains, sugarcane (most commonly used), corn, and fruit. Other names for ethanol are ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol, and grain alcohol. It can also be made from trees, grasses, woods, and plant waste. It is a colourless, flammable liquid that is categorized under bio-fuel. Brazil is the largest suppler and consumer of ethanol in the world. Ethanol functions in the same way as gasoline. In vehicles, it is blended with conventional gasoline to make gasohol (90% gasoline and 10% ethanol). It is clean-burning and consists of high energy.…
Kalogirou, S.A.(2005). Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources. Energy & Combustion Science. 31 (8) ,242–281…
In the EU, where only about 5% of the gross consumption is made up of renewables, which is lower than observed in other parts of the world, the share of renewables is expected to double by 2010, and the share of biogas, as part of it, is expected to rise to 12% (Nielsen, Al Seadi, 2006). The Dutch government, in its white paper on energy calls for a simultaneous approach of continuous energy savings, a 30% improvement of efficiency by 2020 and a 20% share of renewable energy in 2020 (Kwant, 2003). In the Netherlands, the potential of energy production from biogas has been estimated to be 49 PJ in 2020 (Nielsen, Al Seadi, 2006).…
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion is also another energy source that is apt for our country since we have many tropical communities. Of course, aside from the power that it generates, OTEC also contributes to the growth of marine life.…
Over the past century, as a side effect of food production, humans have been releasing huge amounts of nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus into water resources like lakes, rivers and even oceanic coasts. This has caused enormous growth in algae populations, literally choking the life out of aquatic ecosystems and polluting water for humans as well. These “Harmful Algal Blooms” (HAB’s) or green tides as some call them can produce toxins that can hurt animals and humans alike turn water green and can cover miles of water in a single bloom. (Dec.ny.gov, 2014).…
of high levels of pollution. There is a need for environmentally sustainable energy sources to find a viable and…
The intent of using algae and halophytes with the goal of providing a renewable energy source that does not use freshwater, arable land or compete with food crops I think is an excellent idea that can be done. With more research and work done, I believe that Bomani can find an inexpensive yet renewable way for energy.…
Algae are emerging to be one of the most promising long-term, sustainable sources of biomass and oils for fuel, food, feed, and other co-products. What makes them so attractive are the large number and wide variety of benefits associated with how and where they grow. Nearly all these benefits stem from the fact that these plants have evolved over billions of years to produce and store energy in the form of oil, and they do this more efficiently than any other known natural or engineered process. Some experts believe that algae is set to eclipse all other biofuel feed stocks as the cheapest, easiest, and most environmentally friendly way to produce liquid fuel. The inputs for algae are simple: the single-celled organisms only need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to grow. They can quadruple in biomass in just one day, and they help remove carbon from the air and nitrogen from wastewater, another environmental benefit. Some types of algae comprise more than 50 percent oil, and an average acre of algae grown today for pharmaceutical industries can produce 5,000 gallons (19,000 litres) of biodiesel each year. By comparison, an average acre of corn produces 420 gallons (1,600 litres) of ethanol per year, and an acre of soybeans yields just 70 gallons (265 litres) of biodiesel per year. Moreover, red algae has the potential of up taking atmospheric carbon dioxide at much increased rates compared to other plants, thereby solving two of our problems at one go : by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and at the same time increasing the yield as a consequence. Algae cultivation uses both land that in many cases is unsuitable for traditional agriculture, as well as water sources that are not useable for other crops, such as sea-, brackish- and wastewater. Microalgae can be cultivated to have a high protein and oil content, for example, which can be used to produce either biofuels or animal feeds, or both. In addition, microalga biomass, which is rich…
MELBOURNE HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 10 – MATHEMATICS MAINSTREAM PROGRAM SEMESTER 1- 2013 WKSTART M T W T F TOPIC Jan 28 X X X - Review of Indices Feb 04 1-Review – Test A - Multin, Divisn, Rationalise Surds - Logarithms S - Logarithm Laws - Solving Equations 18-Review – Test A - Algebra-Substitution - Add/Subtract Algebraic Fractions - Mult/Divide Algebraic Fractions - Basic Equations - Complex Equations 2- Review – TEST A - Revision of Linear Sketching S S - Determining Linear Equations - Distance Btn 2 Points - Midpoint - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines 3- Review – TEST A - Graphing Simultaneous Equations - Substitution Method - Elimination Method S - Worded Problems - Inequations - Graphing Inequations - Solving Simultaneous Inequations 4- Review – TEST A EX-PAGE WORK REQUIREMENTS 1D-20 1-4(E),5-11 1R-24 18C-601 6-12(E) 18F-612 1(E),3(E),5(E) 18G-616 3-9(E),11(E) 18H-622 1-4(E),6(E),8,9 R18-626 2A-31 2B-36 2C-39 2D-43 2E-48 R2-52 3A-62 3B-67 3C-70 3D-73 3E-79 R3-85 4A-94 4B-98 4C-101 4D-105 4E-108 4F-113 4G-118 R4-125 3(E),4(E),5,6 2-4(E) 2-4(E) 2-7(E),9-13(E) 1-4(E) 3(E),7(E) 1-5(E) 2(E),10 1(E),2,3,6-8 1-2(E),3,4,6(E),7,8,10,11,12…
Biodiesel: Technology & Business Opportunities – An Insight S Biswas, N Kaushik & G Srikanth Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi – 110 016 Tel: +91-11 -2686 3816, Fax: 2696 1158, e-mail : biswas@nic.in The concept of bio fuel dates back to 1885 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel built the first diesel engine with the full intention of running it on vegetative source. In 1912 he observed, " … the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may in the course of time become as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of present time." In 1970, scientists discovered that the viscosity of vegetable oils could be reduced by a simple chemical process and that it could perform as diesel fuel in modern engine. Since then the technical developments have come a long way and the plant oil today has been highly established as bio fuel, equivalent to diesel. Recent environmental (e.g. Kyoto Protocol) and economic concerns have prompted resurgence in the use of biodiesel throughout the world. In 1991, the European Community proposed a 90% tax reduction for the use of bio fuels, including biodiesel. Today 21 countries worldwide produce biodiesel. India is one of the largest petroleum consuming and importing countries. India imports about 70 % of its petroleum demands. The current yearly consumption of diesel oil in India is approximately 40 million tones constituting about 40% of the total petro-product consumption. 2.0 Why Biodiesel? Biodiesel, derived from the oils and fats of plants like sunflower, rape seeds, Canola or Jatropha Curcas, can be used as a substitute or an additive to diesel. As an alternative fuel biodiesel can provide power similar to conventional diesel fuel and thus can be used in diesel engines. Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel that can be produced locally thus helping reduce the country’s dependence on imported crude. 2.1 The advantages of…