Block 6
Surface Tension Thesis
Does the addition of different chemicals have an impact on surface tension of water? Intermolecular forces play a major role is understanding this question.
Intermolecular forces are forces that attract or repel neighboring atoms/particles. Some examples of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bondings and dipoledipole.
What is surface tension? Surface tension is a property of water that allows water to be resist and external force due to the attraction of water molecules to themselves.
The reason why water is attracted to itself lies behind the molecular structure of water both the intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces of water.
Water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen and the molecules are shaped into a
V with a 105 degree space between the two hydrogen atoms. Since oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the electrons of the hydrogen will be attracted towards the oxygen more. This leads to unequal sharing of electrons creating a dipole effect on the molecule of water. The side of the water molecule that has two lone pairs of electrons is partially more negative than the side of the water molecule with the two hydrogens. The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water are polar covalent bonds. Polar covalent bonds creates the intrinsic dipole property of water allows water to have the unique property of surface tension.
Due to the dipole property of a single molecule of water, molecules with dipole moments can orient themselves to take advantage of their change distributions.
Molecules with dipole moments can attract each other by connecting the negative and
positive ends close together which is called dipoledipole attraction. A specific example of dipoledipole is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is also referred to as covalent bonding, unequal sharing of valence electrons between two charged electrons.
Hydrogen bonding is one of the strongest dipoledipole