Preview

advantages and disadvantages of M&A

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
472 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
advantages and disadvantages of M&A
1. Why is letter of credit the commonest method of payment in international trade?
EX1:
How to pay or be paid becomes a crucial choice as soon as you begin doing business across borders. When you do business internationally, there are ways of paying that you might never hear about when doing business in just one country. There are a lot of method of payment in intertraditional trade but the commonest method is letter of credit.
Letters of credit are the most common method of payment in international trade as they provide protection to both parties involved in the transaction. They are issued by the international department of a chartered bank, usually that of the exporter and state all the terms and conditions that the exporter must meet before collecting the specified amount. If the conditions are met, the bank promises to pay the exporter. Letters of credit specify the documentation needed for customs clearance as well as details of any other terms associated with the sale (e.g., packaging changes or translated literature).
A letter of credit may be revocable or irrevocable. Irrevocable letters of credit are preferable because they cannot be canceled unilaterally and therefore greatly reduce the risk of non-payment. The exporter can also ask the bank that will be transferring the funds, usually the exporter's own bank, to confirm the letter of credit. This means that the bank guarantees payment upon the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement by the exporter. This confirmation provides additional assurance that the exporter will be paid.
EX2:
Introduce:
With the development of international trade, many methods of payment in foreign trade appeared, such as open account, the letter of credit, bill of collection and advantage payment. Among them, L/C is the commonest way. It is because L/C has many advantages which other methods do not.
Body:
- Paragraph 1: L/C is one of the safest methods of payment. o It guarantees payment upon presentation of the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Trade finance in the twenty-first century: plug and pay? Palate-Able Delights (PAD) is a niche retailer of high-end food products imported from various parts of the world. Iranian saffron and caviar, French champagnes, Italian truffles and olive oils, vintage balsamic vinegars, fine cheeses, reserve wines from the leading vintners, even limited-availability spring waters…if a culinary delight exists, Palate-Able Delights has a mission to discover it, then share it with appreciative clients who quite happily pay premium for the pleasure. PAD has been very successful as an importer, but has packaged such unique and intriguing combinations of items into ‘theme services’, that there is now significant demand for the PAD products to be exported to several regions of the world. The product line – adapted for local preferences and delicacies – has potential in many parts of the world, and PAD believes it will eventually shift from a purveyor of fine foods to own and manage a global gastronomic brand worthy of, as the CEO puts it, ‘The most discerning palates on the planet’. PAD is planning its shift to a (re-) exporting mode, assessing target markets and considering options related to the financials of the business. While the finance team at PAD have a general awareness of letters of credit and collections products and processes, these are generally not very popular instruments – expensive, complex, prone to error, and not generally suited to food and highly perishable products. The company CFO is intrigued by online settlement options – her husband is constantly on eBay bidding on various items and paying for them through online settlement mechanisms – and she perceives an opportunity to leverage these services for PAD. Virtual payments – real money? PAD recognizes that its business is niche and specialty-based: this is not a mass-market…

    • 874 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    International trade is the exchange of goods, capital, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries this trade represents a significant share of their (GDP) gross domestic product. This type of trade has political, economic, and social importance to all nations involved. There are many factors surrounding international trade, such as, advantages, limitations, foreign exchange rates, and others. As we review these factors, this will allow us to better understand how international trade truly functions.…

    • 1417 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Human resource management

    • 802 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Advance payment is the least favorable method for exporters, but the most favorable method for importers.…

    • 802 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nowadays, a lot of settlements are being made without using any coins or paper money. With the increasing progress of technology, goods and services can be paid with cash cards or over the internet. There are several options the costumer can use to pay for a purchase.…

    • 558 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Many firms allow their customers to delay payment for goods already delivered and by offering trade credit they enable their business partners to cope with…

    • 7642 Words
    • 31 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Compared to other types of Letters of Credit, it is suggested to use Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC). Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC) may be more beneficial for trade. The SBLC uses the original documents and the bill of lading in order to obtain payment for the merchandise from a seller to a buyer. This is all done in different parts and the process concludes when the merchandise arrives at the port. The documents are verified upon arrival of the goods and the process…

    • 3198 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Banks have long provided trade finance services - processing information, managing documents, providing financing, and facilitating payments related to trade transactions through various products. With the advent of technology, new variations of trade finance products (specifically new open account products) have evolved but the fundamentals of traditional trade products have remained constant. Given the renewed interest in trade finance products in general, it is an appropriate time to review trade finance products and provide definitions that can serve as a common reference point for banks, their customers, regulators, service providers, and other stakeholders, in order to provide a base clarity as the trade finance marketplace continues to grow and evolve. Traditional trade products are typically short-term (less than one year in tenor), self-liquidating transactions. The most basic of these are documentary in nature, and in most cases these transactions are contingencies that remain off balance sheet. As there is a commercial transaction underlying the trade financing, they tend to be low risk transactions with an easily identifiable use of funds. Rules for traditional trade products are widely accepted and are documented in publications from the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) including: Uniform Customs & Practice (UCP 600) International Standby Practices (ISP 98) Uniform Rules for Collections (URC 522) Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements (URR 725) Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG 758) Additionally, there are forms of Trade Finance that are widely accepted, but not necessarily governed by ICC publications as mentioned above. In some instances, a transaction results in an advance of funds or commitment to pay that becomes a…

    • 3448 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    III) To identify the difficulties from the points of view of traders and bankers while practicing Documentary Collection as international trade payment method.…

    • 3176 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Pre Shipment Finance

    • 1906 Words
    • 8 Pages

    1. Formal application for release the packing credit with undertaking to the effect that the exporter would be ship the goods within stipulated due date and submit the relevant shipping documents to the banks within prescribed time limit.…

    • 1906 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Khandakar

    • 8885 Words
    • 36 Pages

    Numerous surveys have been carried out in the UK (including by SITPRO) suggesting the rejection rate of first time presentations against letters of credit is between 50-60%. These findings have led to much publicity about the costs and dangers of failure to present compliant documents with work being carried out by SITPRO and other organisations to help exporters improve their performance in the use of letters of credit. Although much work has been carried out rejection rates seem to remain static. SITPRO felt that in order to move forward it would be ideal to examine why letter of credit presentations are rejected and what are the most common discrepant documents. This work commenced in 2001, with this report intended to consolidate the information gathered so far and look at ways in which further work can be carried out to help UK exporters in letter of credit operations. In order to ascertain the extent of the problem of rejection rates of letters of credit the review also estimates the cost to UK business of non-compliant presentations. A list of the top ten discrepancies can be found on page 13, with more detail given in Appendix 1. It is interesting to note that some of the most common discrepancies are those which are the simplest to correct and within the control of the exporter: inconsistent data; late presentation and shipment and, perhaps most disappointingly, absence of documents. From this information it appears that some exporters are not giving the time or resource necessary to dealing with letters of credit, which is essential from the beginning of the contract negotiations through until correct documents have been presented and payment has been received. The review estimates that in 2000 the UK lost £113 million through non-compliant documents being presented under letters of…

    • 8885 Words
    • 36 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    In International trade payments, the most important participants are exporters and importers. Here exporters are sellers and importers are buyers. Importers and exporters are quite often confront with problems arising from the movements of goods from one country to another and are simultaneously subject to the different legislation, customs and practices of these countries. Importers and exporters have certain concerns such as: Exporters want to be certain that they are paid when their goods have been shipped or dispatched because the goods will be out of their control on the other side Importers want to be certain that they receive goods that conform to what has been ordered. There are a number of methods of trade payment. Before importers and exporters decide to do business with each other they need to understand and adopt a method suitable to meet their specific needs. The contract between buyer and seller will specify the way in which payment is to be made. Certain methods of payment are less risky than others. It is up to the buyer and seller to agree on a method that suits them both. The choice of payment method is affected by several factors like requirements of the seller and buyer, relationships between the trading partners, the operating environment and associated risks, object of transaction and market conditions etc. Once acceptable risks have been determined then the most appropriate payment method can be selected.…

    • 3791 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Mpbf Case Study

    • 509 Words
    • 3 Pages

    d) It is possible for Bank to finance Packing Credit for specific export order received by the Co. Since the total order is of US $ 11,250/-, the Co. can be granted P/C Facility of US $ 11,250/- less Profit portion.…

    • 509 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Forex

    • 5342 Words
    • 22 Pages

    'Pre-shipment credit' means any loan or advance granted or any other credit provided by a bank to an exporter for financing the purchase, processing, manufacturing or packing of goods prior to shipment, on the basis of letter of credit opened in his favour or in favour of some…

    • 5342 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Export Finance

    • 12920 Words
    • 52 Pages

    Letter of Credit – One of the most common method of payment in export finance…

    • 12920 Words
    • 52 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Foreign Exchange

    • 5777 Words
    • 24 Pages

    Foreign trade financing is an integral part of banking business. Documentary Credit (also called letters of credit or “L/Cs”) is the key player in the foreign exchange business. With the globalization of economies international trade has become quite competitive. Timely payment for exports and quicker delivery of goods is, therefore, a pre-requisite for successful international trade operations. Growing complexity of international trade, separation of commercial parties across the globe and operating in a totally unknown environment underlined the need for evolving a system that balances between the expectations of the seller and the buyer. Documentary Credit has emerged as a vital system of trade payment, and fulfilled the requisite commercial need. This system substantially reduces payment-related risks for both exporter and importer. Not surprisingly, therefore, the letter of credit is the classic form of international export payment, especially in trade between distant partners. The bank upon presentation makes payment, acceptance or negotiation of the credit by the seller of stipulated documents (e.g., bill of lading, invoice, and inspection certificate). UCBL, Local Office is playing is playing a very important role in Foreign Trade Financing.…

    • 5777 Words
    • 24 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics