Acyl Compounds
ACYL COMPOUNDS: SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
Experiment # 8
I. Objectives
To observe the general properties of carboxylic acids.
To compare the acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols.
To verify experimentally the interconversion among acyl compounds.
To become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils and to understand the chemical basis of these properties.
To learn how to prepare soap.
To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents.
II. Data and Observation
A. Comparison of soaps and detergents
1. Hydrolysis
Observation
Reaction with blue litmus paper
Acetic acid
+
Red
Benzoic acid
+
Red
Sodium Benzoate
+
Red
(+)-miscible
(-)-immiscible
(red)-acidic
(blue)-basic
The hydrolysis was tested with acetic acid, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate. 2mL water was placed in a test tube and 6 drops of sample was added to each. The mixture was mixed by shaking, examined, and tested with blue litmus paper. The blue litmus paper turned red on every attempt.
2. Reaction with acid
Reaction with 10% NaOH
Reaction with NaHCO3
Weak/Strong acid
Benzoic acid
+
-
Weak
Phenol
+
+ strong (+)-soluble
(-)-insoluble
This test was performed using benzoic acid and phenol. 2mL of water was placed on a test tube. 6 drops of the sample was added, then 10 drops of 10% NaOH. The mixture was examined. The process was repeated using 10% NaHCO3 instead of NaOH. Results were noted on the table above.
B. Hydrolysis of Acyl compound
Observation
After heating
Test with Blue litmus Paper
Acetic anyhydride
No change
Bubbles
red
Ethyl acetate
Small bubbles, immiscible
--
Red
Benzamide
No change
Bubbles
Blue
Acetyl chloride
Heat evolved, cloudy
--
Red
*no change heated
(red)- acidic
(blue)-basic
The hydrolysis of Acyl compound was performed with acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl benzoate, and benzamide as samples. 6 drops or a spatula tip of sample was placed in a test
Experiment # 8
I. Objectives
To observe the general properties of carboxylic acids.
To compare the acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols.
To verify experimentally the interconversion among acyl compounds.
To become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils and to understand the chemical basis of these properties.
To learn how to prepare soap.
To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents.
II. Data and Observation
A. Comparison of soaps and detergents
1. Hydrolysis
Observation
Reaction with blue litmus paper
Acetic acid
+
Red
Benzoic acid
+
Red
Sodium Benzoate
+
Red
(+)-miscible
(-)-immiscible
(red)-acidic
(blue)-basic
The hydrolysis was tested with acetic acid, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate. 2mL water was placed in a test tube and 6 drops of sample was added to each. The mixture was mixed by shaking, examined, and tested with blue litmus paper. The blue litmus paper turned red on every attempt.
2. Reaction with acid
Reaction with 10% NaOH
Reaction with NaHCO3
Weak/Strong acid
Benzoic acid
+
-
Weak
Phenol
+
+ strong (+)-soluble
(-)-insoluble
This test was performed using benzoic acid and phenol. 2mL of water was placed on a test tube. 6 drops of the sample was added, then 10 drops of 10% NaOH. The mixture was examined. The process was repeated using 10% NaHCO3 instead of NaOH. Results were noted on the table above.
B. Hydrolysis of Acyl compound
Observation
After heating
Test with Blue litmus Paper
Acetic anyhydride
No change
Bubbles
red
Ethyl acetate
Small bubbles, immiscible
--
Red
Benzamide
No change
Bubbles
Blue
Acetyl chloride
Heat evolved, cloudy
--
Red
*no change heated
(red)- acidic
(blue)-basic
The hydrolysis of Acyl compound was performed with acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl benzoate, and benzamide as samples. 6 drops or a spatula tip of sample was placed in a test
References: McMurry J. (2010). Foundations of organic chemistry. Philippine edition. Cengage learning asia Pte. Ltd. Doyle P., Mungal S. (1980). Experimental organic chemistry. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Acyl groups (n.d). Retrieved from http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORG ANIC/ORG12/TRAM12/B/0380011/MOVIE.HTM