Absolute Construction
Absolute construction 独立主格结构
1. 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
2. 独立主格结构可置于句前、末和中，常用逗号和主句隔开。
e.g. The boy listened carefully to the teacher, his eyes fixed on the board.
独立主格做时间状语：
The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.
= After the rubbish is sorted, …
独立主格做条件状语： ➢ Its products proven unsafe, a company is likely to be sued for million of dollars.
= If its products are proven unsafe, …
独立主格做原因状语： ➢ Her company prospering, she revolutionized the industry.
= Because her company was prospering, …
独立主格做伴随状语： ➢ Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
= Not including the pollution caused by landfills, …
一、名词（代词）+ V-ing
His grandmother stood by the window, her hands trembling. 他的祖母站在窗边，手在颤抖。
二、名词（代词） + 动词不定式
The two girls said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to her friend’s.
这两个姑娘道别后，一个回了家，另一个去了朋友家。
三、名词（代词） + 过去分词 Mr. Wang lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
王先生仰卧着，双手交叉枕在头下。
四、名词（代词） + 介词短语
The teacher came into the classroom, book under arm.
老师腋下夹着本书走进教室。
五、名词 （代词）+ 形容词
Hands red with the cold，they were sweeping the snow outdoors．
他们在户外扫雪，两手冻得通红。
六、名词 （代词）+ 副词
Class over，all students went to play on the playground.
下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍。
七、名词（代词） + 名词
Ten students entered the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
八、with + 独立主格结构
He fell asleep, with the light burning all night.
The teacher came in, with a book under his arm.
Exercises
1. It _________, people began to go home.
A. being dark B. is dark
C. was dark D. were dark
2. Lin Tao was writing something, the others _________.
A. have been talking B. talking
C. to talk
3. The murderer was brought in, his hands _______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
4. There _________ two exams
1. 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
2. 独立主格结构可置于句前、末和中，常用逗号和主句隔开。
e.g. The boy listened carefully to the teacher, his eyes fixed on the board.
独立主格做时间状语：
The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.
= After the rubbish is sorted, …
独立主格做条件状语： ➢ Its products proven unsafe, a company is likely to be sued for million of dollars.
= If its products are proven unsafe, …
独立主格做原因状语： ➢ Her company prospering, she revolutionized the industry.
= Because her company was prospering, …
独立主格做伴随状语： ➢ Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
= Not including the pollution caused by landfills, …
一、名词（代词）+ V-ing
His grandmother stood by the window, her hands trembling. 他的祖母站在窗边，手在颤抖。
二、名词（代词） + 动词不定式
The two girls said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to her friend’s.
这两个姑娘道别后，一个回了家，另一个去了朋友家。
三、名词（代词） + 过去分词 Mr. Wang lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
王先生仰卧着，双手交叉枕在头下。
四、名词（代词） + 介词短语
The teacher came into the classroom, book under arm.
老师腋下夹着本书走进教室。
五、名词 （代词）+ 形容词
Hands red with the cold，they were sweeping the snow outdoors．
他们在户外扫雪，两手冻得通红。
六、名词 （代词）+ 副词
Class over，all students went to play on the playground.
下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍。
七、名词（代词） + 名词
Ten students entered the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
八、with + 独立主格结构
He fell asleep, with the light burning all night.
The teacher came in, with a book under his arm.
Exercises
1. It _________, people began to go home.
A. being dark B. is dark
C. was dark D. were dark
2. Lin Tao was writing something, the others _________.
A. have been talking B. talking
C. to talk
3. The murderer was brought in, his hands _______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
4. There _________ two exams