Preview

4 Categorial structure of the word

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1916 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
4 Categorial structure of the word
4. CATEGORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE WORD (КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНАЯ СТРУКТУРА СЛОВА)

Грамматическое значение и средства его выражения. Парадигматическое соотнесение индивидуальных грамматических форм. Грамматическая категория как система выражения обобщенного (категориального) грамматического значения. Оппозиционный анализ грамматических категорий. Теория оппозиций. Типы оппозиций: оппози­ции бинарные и сверхбинарные (тернарные, квартернарные и т.д.); привативные, градуальные и эквиполентные оппозиции. Оппозиции в грамматике. Привативные бинарные оппозиции как основной тип оппозиций в грамматике. Сильный (маркированный, положительный) и слабый (немаркированный, отрицательный) члены оппозиции; их формальные и функциональные признаки. Грамматическая категория в функционировании: контекстная редукция оппозиции (оппозиционное замещение). Два типа оппозиционной редукции: нейтрализация и транспозиция. Синтетические и аналитические грамматические формы. Виды синтетических грамматических форм: внешняя флексия, внутренняя флексия, супплетивизм. Принцип идентификации аналитической грамматической формы; грамматический идиоматизм аналитических форм. Типы грамматических категорий: имманентные и рефлективные ка­тегории, закрытые и трансгрессивные категории, категории постоянно­го признака и категории переменного признака.
Key terms: category, grammatical category, individual grammatical form (meaning), categorial grammatical meaning, paradigmatic opposition, common features, differential features, binary and supra-binary oppositions, privative (equipollent, gradual) oppositions, formal mark (marker), strong (marked, positive) member of the opposition, weak (unmarked, negative) member of the opposition, reduction of the opposition (transposition, neutralization), synthetical forms, outer inflection, inner inflection, suppletive forms (suppletivity), analytical forms, grammatical idiomatism, immanent category, reflective category, transgressive category, closed category, constant

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Tomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz and Angela Della Volpe (2009) “Analyzing English Grammar “ 7th edition,…

    • 1148 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    viewpoint of the novel entitled Pride and Prejudice. We would like to postulate that an…

    • 10842 Words
    • 42 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    DTTLS Assignments

    • 5208 Words
    • 149 Pages

    Carter, R. & McCarthy, M. (1995). Grammar and spoken language. "Applied Linguistics, 16" (2), 141-158…

    • 5208 Words
    • 149 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    MichaelisWordMeaning.pdf

    • 14617 Words
    • 59 Pages

    Keywords: argument structure, aspect, concord construction, Construction Grammar, implicit/explicit type-shifting, lexical projection, lexical semantics, sentence…

    • 14617 Words
    • 59 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Строительная индустрия США является основой устойчивой экономики, местом трудоустройства нескольких миллионов людей, и одним из главных инструментов сохранения и увеличения денежной массы населения, предотвращения резких обвалов на финансовом рынке в реальном секторе экономики.…

    • 783 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The following sections define and exemplify the related word formation processes of derivation and back-formation.…

    • 1247 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Introduction to Phonetics

    • 1296 Words
    • 6 Pages

    References: Plag, Ingo, Maria Braun, Sabine Lappe & Mareile Schramm. 2009. Introduction to English Linguistics: 2nd Revised Edition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.…

    • 1296 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Grammatical Categories

    • 545 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The grammatical categories which are realised by the described types of forms organised in functional paradigmatic oppositions, can either be innate for a given class of words, or only be expressed on the surface of it, serving as a sign of correlation with some other class.…

    • 545 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This compendium accompanies the 3rd edition of Greenbaum & Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar (Longman). The compendium provides additional theoretical discussions of certain topics of English grammar, and contains a large number of exercises and study questions, most of which are also suitable for self-study. At the beginning of each unit in the compendium you will find reading instructions. It is suggested that before the lectures and workshops you first read the introductions (the text parts) in each unit in the compendium and then the relevant sections in the textbook. In each chapter of the book there is a wide range of exercises that you are also advised to do. Further, there is a companion website for the textbook with additional exercises and answers to selected questions in the book. The URL is http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_nelson_enggram_3/ What is grammar? Grammar can be defined as a systematic description of a language. It is traditionally divided into two branches, morphology and syntax. Morphology is the study of the structure or forms of words. For example, in English the ending -s may be used to form the plural of nouns (teacher vs teachers) or the present tense, 3rd person singular, of verbs (I play vs she plays). Another ending, -ed, is added to verbs to form the past tense (I play vs I played) or the so-called past participle (The role of Dracula was played by Christopher Lee). Syntax is the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences. One such rule says that in English (and many other languages including Swedish) the normal word order should be Subject + Verb + Object (Elvis has left the building, not *Elvis…

    • 28783 Words
    • 116 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: Aarts, B. & Mcmahon, A. (2006). The handbook of English linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.…

    • 7510 Words
    • 28 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    e) The investigation of homonyms and their differentiation with polysemantic words is not being still investigated in the sufficient degree and this problem is still waiting for its investigator.…

    • 7322 Words
    • 30 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The subject of our investigation – semantic peculiarities of the English and Ukrainian medical terms.…

    • 3661 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    --- "Концепт и концептуальная категория: к проблеме разграничения понятий." Вісник Харківського національного університету. Серія Романо-германська філологія. 636. (2004): 115-119. Print.…

    • 3025 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Rizal in Europe

    • 3117 Words
    • 13 Pages

    A term in traditional grammar for the eight categories* into which words are classified according to their functions in sentences:…

    • 3117 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    7. Шаховский В. И. Категоризация эмоций в лексико-семантической системе языка / В. И. Шаховский. – Воронеж: Изд-во Воронеж. ун-та, 1987. – С. 23–24, 100-101.…

    • 10135 Words
    • 41 Pages
    Powerful Essays