Study Guide for Anatomy Test 1
Anatomy Outline Notes Exam 1
Developmental Anatomy – is the way anatomy changes over time in a single species -somites are segmental blocks found in embryos that form muscles & vertebrae etc. Comparative Anatomy – is the comparison of anatomies between different species. -all known vertebrates have common feature (skull & vertebrae): this leads to evolutionary theory.
Hierarchy of Structural Organization -Body -> System -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cells -> Chemical/Molecular -> Atomic -Four types of Tissue: Connective, Epithelia, Muscle, Nerve
Guiding Principle of Anatomy -The function of an anatomically distinct structure can be in part explained by understanding the organization of its components.
Observing
-unaided eye = gross anatomy -light microscope – 1 mm -> 1 micrometer [cytology & histology] -Transmission Electron Microscope – 1mm -> 1 nanometer [cytology & histology]
Basic Vertebrate Body Plan -important structures develop early and are present in all vertebrates
Dorsal Nerve Cord – hollow cord that forms brain and spinal cord
Notochord – a stiffened rod below the spinal cord usually replaces by vertebrae, organizing axis for the vertebrate
Muscular Tail – extends beyond digestive tract
Braincase – cartilage that surrounds the brain, becomes skull.
Pharyngeal arches – may persist (gills) or become other structures in adults
Ventral Body cavity – contains thoracic and abdominopelvic organs.
Eleven Major Body Systems -Integumentary – protections from environment, and temperature control -Skeletal -support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage, blood formation -Muscular – locomotion, support, heat production -Nervous – directing immediate response to stimuli, by coordinating other systems. -Endocrine – directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems. -Cardiovascular - internal transport of cells and dissolved substance: nutrients,
Developmental Anatomy – is the way anatomy changes over time in a single species -somites are segmental blocks found in embryos that form muscles & vertebrae etc. Comparative Anatomy – is the comparison of anatomies between different species. -all known vertebrates have common feature (skull & vertebrae): this leads to evolutionary theory.
Hierarchy of Structural Organization -Body -> System -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cells -> Chemical/Molecular -> Atomic -Four types of Tissue: Connective, Epithelia, Muscle, Nerve
Guiding Principle of Anatomy -The function of an anatomically distinct structure can be in part explained by understanding the organization of its components.
Observing
-unaided eye = gross anatomy -light microscope – 1 mm -> 1 micrometer [cytology & histology] -Transmission Electron Microscope – 1mm -> 1 nanometer [cytology & histology]
Basic Vertebrate Body Plan -important structures develop early and are present in all vertebrates
Dorsal Nerve Cord – hollow cord that forms brain and spinal cord
Notochord – a stiffened rod below the spinal cord usually replaces by vertebrae, organizing axis for the vertebrate
Muscular Tail – extends beyond digestive tract
Braincase – cartilage that surrounds the brain, becomes skull.
Pharyngeal arches – may persist (gills) or become other structures in adults
Ventral Body cavity – contains thoracic and abdominopelvic organs.
Eleven Major Body Systems -Integumentary – protections from environment, and temperature control -Skeletal -support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage, blood formation -Muscular – locomotion, support, heat production -Nervous – directing immediate response to stimuli, by coordinating other systems. -Endocrine – directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems. -Cardiovascular - internal transport of cells and dissolved substance: nutrients,