St.Joseph College
EC1403 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
UNIT-1 - BASIC MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION TO F MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Modern electromagnetic theory was formulated in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell solely from mathematical considerations. Maxwell’s formulation was cast in its modern form by Oliver Heaviside, during the period 1885 to 1887.Heinrich Hertz, a German professor of physics understood the theory published by Maxwell, carried out a set of experiments during 1887-1891 that completely validated Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic waves. It was only in the 1940’s (World War II) that microwave theory received substantial interest that led to radar development. Communication systems using microwave technology began to develop soon after the birth of radar. The advantages offered by microwave systems, wide bandwidths and line of sight propagation, provides an impetus for the continuing Development of low cost miniaturized microwave components.
APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ENGINEERING * Antenna gain is proportional to the electrical size of the antenna. At higher frequencies, more antenna gain is therefore possible for a given physical antenna size, which has important consequences for implementing miniaturized microwave systems. * More bandwidth can be realized at higher frequencies. Bandwidth is critically important because available frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum are being rapidly depleted. * Microwave signals travel by line of sight are not bent by the ionosphere as are lower frequency signals and thus satellite and terrestrial communication links with very high capacities are possible. * Effective reflection area (radar cross section) of a radar target is proportional to the target’s electrical size. Thus generally microwave frequencies are preferred for radar systems * Various molecular, atomic, and nuclear resonances occur at microwave frequencies, creating a variety of unique applications in the areas of basic
UNIT-1 - BASIC MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION TO F MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Modern electromagnetic theory was formulated in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell solely from mathematical considerations. Maxwell’s formulation was cast in its modern form by Oliver Heaviside, during the period 1885 to 1887.Heinrich Hertz, a German professor of physics understood the theory published by Maxwell, carried out a set of experiments during 1887-1891 that completely validated Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic waves. It was only in the 1940’s (World War II) that microwave theory received substantial interest that led to radar development. Communication systems using microwave technology began to develop soon after the birth of radar. The advantages offered by microwave systems, wide bandwidths and line of sight propagation, provides an impetus for the continuing Development of low cost miniaturized microwave components.
APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ENGINEERING * Antenna gain is proportional to the electrical size of the antenna. At higher frequencies, more antenna gain is therefore possible for a given physical antenna size, which has important consequences for implementing miniaturized microwave systems. * More bandwidth can be realized at higher frequencies. Bandwidth is critically important because available frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum are being rapidly depleted. * Microwave signals travel by line of sight are not bent by the ionosphere as are lower frequency signals and thus satellite and terrestrial communication links with very high capacities are possible. * Effective reflection area (radar cross section) of a radar target is proportional to the target’s electrical size. Thus generally microwave frequencies are preferred for radar systems * Various molecular, atomic, and nuclear resonances occur at microwave frequencies, creating a variety of unique applications in the areas of basic