Psych Chapter 2 Outline
Chapter 2 Outline
The Biological Perspective
Neuron
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Dendrites
Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses
Soma
The soma is the cell body of a neuron.
Axon
The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas), muscles,
Glial cells
Glial cells are non-neural cells that perform "housekeeper" functions such as clearing out debris and excess materials. Glial cells support neurons by providing support and nutrition. There are several different types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, radial glial, satellite cells and schwann cells. It is estimated that there are 10 to 50 times more glial cells than there are neurons in the brain.
Myelin
A material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron
Axon terminal (synaptic knobs) distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon nerve fiber is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses (called "action potentials") away from the neuron's cell body, or soma, in order to transmit those impulses to other neurons.
All-or-None Principal
The all-or-none law is a principle that states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire. Essentially, there will either be a full response or there will be no response at all.
How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other?
The neurotransmitter molecules fit into receptor sites on the next cell, stimulating or inhibiting that cell’s firing.
What do Agonists and Antagonists do?An agonist is a chemical substance that
The Biological Perspective
Neuron
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Dendrites
Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses
Soma
The soma is the cell body of a neuron.
Axon
The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas), muscles,
Glial cells
Glial cells are non-neural cells that perform "housekeeper" functions such as clearing out debris and excess materials. Glial cells support neurons by providing support and nutrition. There are several different types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, radial glial, satellite cells and schwann cells. It is estimated that there are 10 to 50 times more glial cells than there are neurons in the brain.
Myelin
A material that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron
Axon terminal (synaptic knobs) distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon nerve fiber is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses (called "action potentials") away from the neuron's cell body, or soma, in order to transmit those impulses to other neurons.
All-or-None Principal
The all-or-none law is a principle that states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire. Essentially, there will either be a full response or there will be no response at all.
How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other?
The neurotransmitter molecules fit into receptor sites on the next cell, stimulating or inhibiting that cell’s firing.
What do Agonists and Antagonists do?An agonist is a chemical substance that