protestant reformation

http://quizlet.com/14378022/unit-a-renaissance-Pope Nicholas V established slave trade built a library in the Vatican patron of the arts
Pope Sixtus IV established Sistine Chapel involved in Pazzi conspiracy nepotism-favored relatives over merit
Pope Alexander VI Borgia corrupt pope-sparked Protestant Reformation
Pope Julius II patron of the arts; patronized Michelangelo in painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling tomb designed by Michelangelo
Pope Leo X Medici sold indulgences to pay for St. Peter's Basilica challenged Martin Luther
Pope Clement VII refused to give Henry VIII an annulment with Catherine of Aragon, leading to the Anglican Church
Dante Alighieri Italian poet wrote "Divine Comedy" exiled from Florence for political reasons
Giovanni Boccaccio wrote "The Decameron" in Italian vernacular supporter of Petrarch
Sandro Botticelli Florentine painter
"Birth of Venus," "Primavera"
Filippo Brunelleschi Florentine architect designed duomo of Florence cathedral, chapel of Pazzi family
Michelangelo sculptor by nature, painted but hated it; incredible realism introvert, hated but thrived on competition work includes Sistine Chapel ceiling, marble David, and the Pieta studied but criticized da Vinci-equally/more talented
Baldassare Castiglione Italian writer
"Courtier"-manners, maintaining self control
Benvenuto Cellini Florentine goldsmith
"Autobiography"-blending artist and artisan figures of Earth and Sea (opposing forces) important mannerism artist
Leonardo da Vinci in depth studies of human anatomy-arrested for necromancy introduced sfumato, mastered chiaroscuro, pyramid configuration mysterious backgrounds of painting famous backward journals; science, architecture, engineering, inventions, practiceetc."renaissance man"
Cosimo de Medici helped found Italian Renaissance secured peace, patronized artists, established Medici family in Florence; bankers secured government; only people they favored could participate
Lorenzo de Medici patronized Michelangelo, Raphael established Florence as center of the Renaissance
Pico della Mirandola first Renaissance man
"Oration on the Dignity of Man"-God gives people free will to do what they choose
Donatello Florentine sculptor-revived contrapposto sculpted idealized nudes bronze David revived contraposto
Erasmus of Rotterdam Christian humanist leader
"Praise of Folly"-criticized Catholic church, led to Protestant Reformation
Lorenzo Ghiberti designed Gates of Paradise (bronze doors for Florence Baptistery) sculptor/metalworking master
Jacob Fugger German merchant famous patron of the arts opened metal trade to Europe(Mining)
Giotto early realist painter; painted frescos solid bodies, more human expression/emoption, landscape, etc.
Tintoretto attended Venetian School one of the last great Renaissance painters
"The Last Supper"
Hans Holbein the Younger German painter religious paintings, famous for his portraits
"The French Ambassadors"
Niccolo Machiavelli "The Prince"-leaders must lead with respect and fear influenced age of absolutism
Masaccio Florentine painter during Quattrocento period painted "Tribute Money" and "The Holy Trinity" used dark and light imagery, nature and human bodies first to paint nudes
Montaigne developed the essay father of Modern Skepticism
Sir Thomas More "Utopia"-perfect society; greed caused society's problems opposed Protestant Reformation chancellor for Henry VIII but then executed by him
Petrarch father of humanism known for his sonnets (to his lover Laura)
Francois Rabelais French writer
"Gargantua"-fictional, compared the church to a giant, makes fun of church
Raphael Santi used perspective in paintings
"School of Athens" beautiful, relaxing paintings
Lorenzo Valla father of modern historical criticism proved Donation of Constatine (gave power of Western Roman Empire to the pope) was forged
Giorgio Vasari Italian writer
"The Lives of Artists"-biographies of artists led to increased patronage from large families (ex. Medici family) and the church (thought art glorified God), repaired the david
Hubert van Eyck Flemish painter, revolutionized oil-based paint
"Three Mary's at the Tomb"
Jan van Eyck Northern Renaissance painter founded Flemish School of Painting modernized oil painting technique
"Arnolfini Wedding"
El Greco Greek painter who settled in Spain combined Eastern and Western art techniques elongated figures, cool colors
"The Resurrection"
Titian most famous Venetian painter painted with extreme realism; viewers can almost feel the painting desired portraitist
Hieronymous Bosch Dutch painter painted darker side of religion-devil, sins, punishment
"Garden of Earthly Delights"
Pieter Bruegel Flemish painter landscapes, peasant weddings
"Peasant Wedding," "Hunters in the Snow"
Albrecht Durer German painter and engraver
"Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse," "St. Jerome in His Study" known for his impressive engraving skills
Miguel de Cervantes Spanish writer-"Don Quixote" political satire/dichotomy-made fun of overly chivalrous knights but also the people of Europe as a whole helped develop the novel
Johann Gutenberg German inventor of the movable type printing press allowed for humanist books and ideas to be spread more easily and cheaply increased literacy rate, helped lead to Reformation
Cesare Borgia hero of Machiavelli's "The Prince" blood thirsty from milan, son of pope alex VI
Lucretia Borgia daughter of Pope Alexander VI used as pawn in Alexander's strategy-married to powerful men to gain alliances illusion of power-rare for women
Ludovico Sforza Duke of Milan let French into Italy to try to expand hispeople-flash-cards/