Physiology Notes
INTRO TO PHYSIOLOGY
I. Physiology – the science (study) of body function a. Uses biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, chemistry and physics b. Can be applied to study the cell, organ, system, or organism (whole-body) II. Cell – smallest living unit c. Can individually carry out it’s own basic life processes d. Specialized functions make their working together important to whole body operation III. Major tissue types (tissue = group of similar functioning and looking cells) e. Based primarily on cell function 4 cell types i. Nerve cells – part of nervous system = nerve tissue ii. Muscle cells – 3 types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) iii. Epithelial cells – absorption and secretion iv. Connective cells – blood, bone, fibroblasts f. Nerve tissue – composed of neurons, either receive or transmit electrical signals for communication v. Sensory receptors send sensory information from specialized ends of neurons sent to CNS (from peripheral – example: color/intensity of light, hear, touch, etc) 1. Bipolar because 2 processes that come off of cell body 2. Bring information into neuron, ends are responding to stimulus and then conducted into CNS vi. Motor neurons transmit information from CNS to control muscles and glands 3. Cell body sits in the CNS g. Muscle tissue – composed of 3 types of muscle cells which are specialized to contract vii. Skeletal muscle – voluntary 4. Ex: flexing of forearm viii. Smooth muscle cells – attached through tenacious attachments, found in walls of hollow organs, involuntary 5. In walls of blood vessels, uterus, lungs, bladder 6. Contracts in wavelike pattern = peristalsis (keeps substances in hollow organs, moving in one direction) ix. Cardiac (heart) muscle – involuntary, moves blood 7. Attached
I. Physiology – the science (study) of body function a. Uses biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, chemistry and physics b. Can be applied to study the cell, organ, system, or organism (whole-body) II. Cell – smallest living unit c. Can individually carry out it’s own basic life processes d. Specialized functions make their working together important to whole body operation III. Major tissue types (tissue = group of similar functioning and looking cells) e. Based primarily on cell function 4 cell types i. Nerve cells – part of nervous system = nerve tissue ii. Muscle cells – 3 types (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) iii. Epithelial cells – absorption and secretion iv. Connective cells – blood, bone, fibroblasts f. Nerve tissue – composed of neurons, either receive or transmit electrical signals for communication v. Sensory receptors send sensory information from specialized ends of neurons sent to CNS (from peripheral – example: color/intensity of light, hear, touch, etc) 1. Bipolar because 2 processes that come off of cell body 2. Bring information into neuron, ends are responding to stimulus and then conducted into CNS vi. Motor neurons transmit information from CNS to control muscles and glands 3. Cell body sits in the CNS g. Muscle tissue – composed of 3 types of muscle cells which are specialized to contract vii. Skeletal muscle – voluntary 4. Ex: flexing of forearm viii. Smooth muscle cells – attached through tenacious attachments, found in walls of hollow organs, involuntary 5. In walls of blood vessels, uterus, lungs, bladder 6. Contracts in wavelike pattern = peristalsis (keeps substances in hollow organs, moving in one direction) ix. Cardiac (heart) muscle – involuntary, moves blood 7. Attached