Lingustics 101 Notes
what people KNOW when they know a language we know what people know by what they DO sometimes what people DO does not indicate what they KNOW
**much of a language is IMPLICIT, we are not conscious of what we know
communication transferring thoughts from one mind to another indirect means (can’t directly transfer mind-to-mind) speaker: information source, transmitter, signal listener: receiver & destination
knowledge of a language formulate thought find correct words put correct endings on words string them together tell muscles how to make sounds send sounds through air
**if you hear a sentence you UNDO this process
phonetics: physical nature of speech phonology: use of sounds in language morphology: word formation syntax: sentence structure semantics: meaning of words and how they combine into sentences pragmatics: meaning and function of language in context
where we store language first part is called the LEXICON a grammar (subconscious)
what we don’t always know writing has to be TAUGHT and LEARNED prescriptive grammar: sets of rules and norms
the idea of grammar grammar (mental grammar): possess it innately descriptive grammar: certain populations can vary languages prescriptive grammar: strict rules
descriptive characters of language
Charles Hockett: developed a list of characteristics of language
1. mode of communication: ways to receive/transmit messages
2. semanticity: all signals in a communication system have MEANING and FUNCTION
3. pragmatic function: must serve some useful purpose
4. interchangeability: ability to perceive and transmit messages
5. cultural transmission: acquired through interactions with other users of language
6. arbitrariness: “linguistic sign”-combination of form and meaning (none)
7. discreteness: combine discrete units to create larger ones
8. displacement: convey ideas and actions not present in a particular setting
9. productivity: capacity for
**much of a language is IMPLICIT, we are not conscious of what we know
communication transferring thoughts from one mind to another indirect means (can’t directly transfer mind-to-mind) speaker: information source, transmitter, signal listener: receiver & destination
knowledge of a language formulate thought find correct words put correct endings on words string them together tell muscles how to make sounds send sounds through air
**if you hear a sentence you UNDO this process
phonetics: physical nature of speech phonology: use of sounds in language morphology: word formation syntax: sentence structure semantics: meaning of words and how they combine into sentences pragmatics: meaning and function of language in context
where we store language first part is called the LEXICON a grammar (subconscious)
what we don’t always know writing has to be TAUGHT and LEARNED prescriptive grammar: sets of rules and norms
the idea of grammar grammar (mental grammar): possess it innately descriptive grammar: certain populations can vary languages prescriptive grammar: strict rules
descriptive characters of language
Charles Hockett: developed a list of characteristics of language
1. mode of communication: ways to receive/transmit messages
2. semanticity: all signals in a communication system have MEANING and FUNCTION
3. pragmatic function: must serve some useful purpose
4. interchangeability: ability to perceive and transmit messages
5. cultural transmission: acquired through interactions with other users of language
6. arbitrariness: “linguistic sign”-combination of form and meaning (none)
7. discreteness: combine discrete units to create larger ones
8. displacement: convey ideas and actions not present in a particular setting
9. productivity: capacity for