Ict in Elt

ISSN 2039‐2117 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 (1) January 2012

Computer Assisted Language Learning and English Language Teaching in Thailand: Overview
Attapol Khamkhien
Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University E-mail: [e-mail]

Doi: 10.5901/mjss.2012.03.01.55
Abstract Currently, computer assisted language learning (CALL) is widely accepted to be a tool which can be used to facilitate the language learning process, particularly English language teaching (ELT). The use of CALL has provided a powerful medium for language learning from both teaching and learning perspectives. However, the integration of CALL programs in language instruction requires a certain level of sensitivity and understanding of how to use the programs appropriately. This paper focuses on using CALL in English classrooms in Thailand. It commences with an overview of the development of using computers in the English classroom. Then, advantages and disadvantages of integrating CALL in English instruction are discussed. Next, various types of learning activities that apply computer technology to English learning and instruction in the Thai context are presented. Previous studies on the use and careful integration of CALL, contributing to success of teaching English and facilitating English learning in the Thai context are explored. Pedagogical implications into teaching English with CALL as a tool are suggested. Keywords: English language teaching; Computer assisted language learning; CALL; Thai learners.

1. Introduction With the spread of English through information technology, trades, and education, English has become an international language and has played a crucial in the communications of every country. In Thailand, English is considered one of the major foreign languages taught in schools and academic institutions. All involved parties have put great efforts to improve Thai learners’ English

References: Ahmad K., Corbett G., Rogers M., & Sussex R. (1985) Computers, language learning and language teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Banditvilai, C. (2000). Utilizing the Internet as an integral part of teaching reading. rEFLections, 2, 47-55. Barson J. & Debski R. (1996). Calling back CALL: Technology in the service of foreign language learning based on creativity, contingency, and goal-oriented activity. In M. Warschauer (Ed.), Telecollaboration in foreign language learning, pp. 49-68. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center. Bolton, K. (2008). English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the issue of proficiency. English Today, 24(2), 3-12. Bunnag, S. (2005). English skills lowly ranked: Tests put Thais near bottom in S.E. Asia. Bangkok Post (10 August 2005): 5. Bureau of International Cooperation. (2008) Towards a learning society in Thailand: An introduction to education in Thailand. Retrieved from: www.bic.moe.go.th. Chapelle, C. (1997). CALL in the year 2000: Still in search of research paradigms? Language Learning and Technology, 1(1), 19-43. Chapelle, C.A. (2003). English language learning and technology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Davies G. & Higgins J. (1982). Computers, language and language learning, London: CILT. Egbert, J. (2004). Mediating the digital divide in CALL classrooms: Promoting effective language. ReCALL, 16(2), 280-291. Esch, E. (1996). Promoting learner autonomy: criteria for the selection of appropriate methods. In R. Pemberton & S.L. Li Edwards (Eds.). Taking control autonomy in language learning, pp. 35-48. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Fitzpatrick T., & Davies, G. (2003). The impact of information and communications technologies on the teaching of foreign languages and on the role of teachers of foreign languages. European International Certificate Conference. ICC European Commission DG Education and Culture. Garrett, N. (1982). A psycholinguistic perspective on grammar and CALL. In William Flint Smith (Ed.), Modern media in foreign language education: Theory and implementation, pp. 169-196. The ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series. ED 234 451. Gubtapol, K. (2002). How Thai students use word processors to approximate edited American English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Clemson University, U.S.A. Hubbard, P. (2009). A general introduction to computer-assisted language learning. In P. Hubbard (Ed.). Computer assisted language learning: Critical concept in linguistics, pp. 1-20. New York: Routledge. Intratat, C. (2003). CALL materials for EFL students at KMUTT, Thailand. Proceedings of worldCALL 2003 CALL from the margins, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 7-10 May. 119. Intratat, C. (2007). Investigation on advantages and disadvantages in using English CALL according to the opinions of Thai university     63 ISSN 2039‐2117                     Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences                   Vol. 3 (1) January 2012         students and lectures. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 30(1), 3-19. Intratat, C. (2009). Development of self-access computer assisted language learning to improve English writing skills for undergraduate students at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 32(4), 424-434. Levy, M. (1997). CALL: context and conceptualization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lian, A. (2002). Seriously practical: Implementing technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) in an increasingly globalised world. CALL ASIA 2002, 1-9. Kaewphaitoon, K. (2006). The development of a CALL program for an ESP course. Unpublished master’s thesis. Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Kanoksilapatham, B. (2007). Navigating pathways to success in ELT. Journal of English studies, 3, 6-25. Kanoksilapatham, B. (2009). Teaching English intonation in Thailand: Overview. Journal of Arts, 31(2), 299-319. Kerdboon, P. (2004). On line game: problems without solution!. Than Settakit (22-24 January 2004): 44 Khamkhien, A. (2010). Factors affecting language learning strategy reported usage by Thai and Vietnamese EFL learners. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1), 66-85. Maneekul, J. (1996). The effects of computer-assisted instruction on the achievements and attitudes of private postsecondary vocational-technical students in a supplementary English course in Thailand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, U.S.A. Phongnapharuk, C. (2007). Applying metacognitive strategies via computer-assisted language learning to enhance English reading, summary writing abilities and self-directed learning of expanding level students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Prapphal, K., & Opanon-amata, P. (2002). An investigation of English proficiency of Thai graduates. Chulavijai, 21, 12-16. Puakpong, N. (2005). An individualized CALL listening comprehension program: Making listening more meaningful for Thai learners of English. Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Canberra, Australia. Salaberry, R. (1999). CALL in the year 2000: Still developing the research agenda. Language Learning and Technology, 3(1), 104-107. Shen, L., Guizhou. G., Wichura, W., & Kiattichai, S. (2007). The use of websites for practicing listening skills of undergraduate students: A case study at Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand. ERIC Document No. 500 929 Skinner, B., & Austin, R. (1999). Computer conferencing: Does it motivate EFL students? ELT Journal, 53(4), 270-279. Sperling, D. (1998). Internet guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents. Suwannaprasert, B., & Schmidt, S. (1998). The production of computer multimedia program for teaching combinatory. Naresuan University Journal, 6(2), 59-63. Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: Theory and research. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning, pp. 471-484. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1995). Problem in output and the cognitive processes they generate: A step towards second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 16, 371-391. Taylor, R. (1980). The computer in the school: tutor, tool, tutee. New York: Teachers College Press. Thongtua, C. (2008). The development of CALL courseware to improve English reading comprehension. Unpublished independent study report. Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand. Tongpoon, A. (2001). The development of grammar CALL courseware of phrasal verbs for first year English major students in Khon Kaen University. Unpublished master’s thesis, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Torut, S., & Torut, B. (2002). The development of computer multimedia English lessons for academic purposes. Nakhon Pathom: Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University. Wang, D., & Zhang, C. (2005). CALL in interactive reading of college English. Sino-US English Teaching, 2(5), 42-45. Warschauer, M. (1996). Computer-assisted language learning: an introduction. In S. Fotos (Ed.), Multimedia language teaching, pp. 320. Tokyo: Logos International. Warschauer, M. (1997). The Internet for English teaching: Guidelines for teachers. TESL Reporter, 30(1), 27-33. Warschauer, M. (2002). Networking into academic discourse. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1, 45–58. Warschauer, M. (2004). Of digital divides and social multipliers: Combining language and technology for human development. Information and communication technologies in the teaching and learning of foreign languages: State of the art, needs, and perspectives, pp. 46-52. Moscow: UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. (1998). Computers and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31, 57-71. Warschauer, M.,&Kern, R. (2005). Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wiriyachita, A. (2001). A Thai university English scenario in the coming decade. Thai TESOL Newsletter, 14(1), 4-7. Wong-A-Sa, P. (2010). The use of supplementary task-incorporated learning activities in computer assisted language learning (CALL) courseware to promote students ' interaction in classroom. Unpublished master’s thesis, Mahasarakham Univerisity, Thailand. Wongsothorn, A., Hiranburana, K., & Chinnawong, S. (2003). English language teaching in Thailand today. In Ho Wah Kam & R.L. Wong (Eds.), English language teaching in East Asia today: Changing policies and practices, pp. 441-453. Singapore: Eastern University Press. Yang, Y.T.C. (2008). A catalyst for teaching critical thinking in a large university class in Taiwan: A synchronous online discussing with the facilitation of teaching assistant. Education Tech Research, 56, 241-264. Yangklang, W. (2006). Improving English final /-l/ pronunciation of Thai students through computer-assisted instruction program. Unpublished master’s thesis, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand 64