Ib Biology Higher Level - Cells
Bio Review – Cells
Cell Theory
2.1.1
* All living things are made of cells * Smallest unit of life * Existing cells from pre-existing cells * Contain a blueprint for growth, development, behavior * Site of all chemical rxns
2.1.2
* Abiogenesis * Living from non-living matter * Robert hook * Compound microscope + observed cork “cells” * Anthony van Leeuwenhoek * Observed blood cells and other “living” cells * Louis Pasteur * Proved abiogenesis wrong. Only airborne microbes contaminating * Experiment * Broth sterilized, exposed to air or protected by swan-neck flask, only exposed broth contaminated.
2.1.3 – Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life * Metabolism * Response * Homeostasis * Growth * Reproduction * Nutrition
2.1.4
* Molecules 1nm * Membrane 10nm * Virus 100nm * Bacteria 1um * Organelles >10um * Cells < 100um
2.1.5 – N/A
2.1.6
* Increase size = decrease SA: Volume * Ratio decreases = exchange decreases * Limits cell size for efficiency * Rate of heat/waste production + nutrient consumption = function of volume * Exchange rate = function of SA
2.1.7 – Multicellular organisms show emergent properties * Whole is greater than the sum of its parts
2.1.8 * Nucleus – DNA – chromosomes – genes * Differentiation occurs when genes are “switched on” = determines development * Differences btwn cells by division of labor * Cost of specialization * Positive = efficiency * Negative = Dependant on others cells * Totipotent = Become new organism or any cell within organism * Pluripotent = Become and cell within organism * Factors effecting = location, environment, activated genes * Multinucleate = 2+ nuclei
2.1.9 – Stem cells retain ability to divide and can differentiate along different pathways
2.1.10
* Restore isolative
Cell Theory
2.1.1
* All living things are made of cells * Smallest unit of life * Existing cells from pre-existing cells * Contain a blueprint for growth, development, behavior * Site of all chemical rxns
2.1.2
* Abiogenesis * Living from non-living matter * Robert hook * Compound microscope + observed cork “cells” * Anthony van Leeuwenhoek * Observed blood cells and other “living” cells * Louis Pasteur * Proved abiogenesis wrong. Only airborne microbes contaminating * Experiment * Broth sterilized, exposed to air or protected by swan-neck flask, only exposed broth contaminated.
2.1.3 – Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life * Metabolism * Response * Homeostasis * Growth * Reproduction * Nutrition
2.1.4
* Molecules 1nm * Membrane 10nm * Virus 100nm * Bacteria 1um * Organelles >10um * Cells < 100um
2.1.5 – N/A
2.1.6
* Increase size = decrease SA: Volume * Ratio decreases = exchange decreases * Limits cell size for efficiency * Rate of heat/waste production + nutrient consumption = function of volume * Exchange rate = function of SA
2.1.7 – Multicellular organisms show emergent properties * Whole is greater than the sum of its parts
2.1.8 * Nucleus – DNA – chromosomes – genes * Differentiation occurs when genes are “switched on” = determines development * Differences btwn cells by division of labor * Cost of specialization * Positive = efficiency * Negative = Dependant on others cells * Totipotent = Become new organism or any cell within organism * Pluripotent = Become and cell within organism * Factors effecting = location, environment, activated genes * Multinucleate = 2+ nuclei
2.1.9 – Stem cells retain ability to divide and can differentiate along different pathways
2.1.10
* Restore isolative