Hydraulic Turbines
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Meaning of the term ‘Hydraulic’
• The working fluid is a liquid or a gas??
ANSWER – WORKING FLUID IS A LIQUID.
TURBINE – WORKING PRINCIPLE
• In turbines the pressure energy is converted into mechanical energy(which is further converted into electrical energy).
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PUMPS it is just the reverse of the above, that is, the mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy.
OUR FOCUS OF STUDY
• Working of various types of hydraulic turbines. • Working of hydraulic pumps.
POWER PLANTS
• Thermal power plants – steam is the working fluid. • Hydro electric power plants – running water is the working fluid. • Gas turbine power plants – natural gas is the working fluid.
General layout of a hydroelectric power plant
SEQUENCES OF WATER FLOW
• Reservoir
head race tunnel draft tube
penstock turbine
tail race tunnel
NET HEAD AND GROSS HEAD IN TURBINES
Essential Elements of a Hydro electric turbine
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Catchment area Reservoir Dam Spillways Conduits Surge tank Draft tube Power house Switch yard for power transmission
Catchment area
• The area from which rainfall flows into a river, lake, or reservoir. • Or the whole area behind the dam draining into a stream or river across which the dam has been constructed is called catchment area.
Reservoir
• A reservoir may be natural, like a lake on a mountain or artificially built by erecting a dam across a river. • PURPOSE - Storage during times of plenty for subsequent use in times of scarcity is fundamental to the efficient use of water resource.
DAM
• A dam performs the following two basic functions: 1) It develops a reservoir of the desired capacity to store water 2) It builds up a head for power generation
SPILLWAYS
• When the water in the reservoir basin rises, the stability of the dam structure is endangered. To relieve the reservoir of this excess water, a structure is provided in the body of a dam.
Meaning of the term ‘Hydraulic’
• The working fluid is a liquid or a gas??
ANSWER – WORKING FLUID IS A LIQUID.
TURBINE – WORKING PRINCIPLE
• In turbines the pressure energy is converted into mechanical energy(which is further converted into electrical energy).
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PUMPS it is just the reverse of the above, that is, the mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy.
OUR FOCUS OF STUDY
• Working of various types of hydraulic turbines. • Working of hydraulic pumps.
POWER PLANTS
• Thermal power plants – steam is the working fluid. • Hydro electric power plants – running water is the working fluid. • Gas turbine power plants – natural gas is the working fluid.
General layout of a hydroelectric power plant
SEQUENCES OF WATER FLOW
• Reservoir
head race tunnel draft tube
penstock turbine
tail race tunnel
NET HEAD AND GROSS HEAD IN TURBINES
Essential Elements of a Hydro electric turbine
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Catchment area Reservoir Dam Spillways Conduits Surge tank Draft tube Power house Switch yard for power transmission
Catchment area
• The area from which rainfall flows into a river, lake, or reservoir. • Or the whole area behind the dam draining into a stream or river across which the dam has been constructed is called catchment area.
Reservoir
• A reservoir may be natural, like a lake on a mountain or artificially built by erecting a dam across a river. • PURPOSE - Storage during times of plenty for subsequent use in times of scarcity is fundamental to the efficient use of water resource.
DAM
• A dam performs the following two basic functions: 1) It develops a reservoir of the desired capacity to store water 2) It builds up a head for power generation
SPILLWAYS
• When the water in the reservoir basin rises, the stability of the dam structure is endangered. To relieve the reservoir of this excess water, a structure is provided in the body of a dam.