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Honors Integrated World Studies Midterm Review

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Honors Integrated World Studies Midterm Review
The Renaissance: rebirth of society -Reformation: challenging the authority of the church
• Martin Luther, a German monk who thought he was damned no matter what, hung the 95 theses on a church door, protesting the tithe and sales of indulgences. He translated the bible into the vernacular. He eventually founded the Lutheran Church, with the belief that faith and God’s forgiveness got a person into heaven.
• Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife, but the Catholic Church wouldn't allow that. He broke away from the church and founded the Anglican Church.
• Protestants broke away from the Catholic Church because they didn't like the sales of indulgences. -The Scientific Revolution: new wave of scientific ideas
• Nicholaus Copernicus was a Catholic Polish scientist who said that the solar system was heliocentric.
• Galileo was an Italian who proved Copernicus’ heliocentricity theory with highly accurate math. However, the Catholic Church didn’t like this and forced him to go in front of an audience and say that he lied. If he didn’t he would be excommunicated or killed.
• Isaac Newton, an English man and a Protestant, used only his mind to describe the laws of gravity. He used the scientific method and was the first person to use calculus. -Enlightenment Ideas and Philosophes
• Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan (1651) Human life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. He thought that people were evil and needed strict control; therefore he favored an absolute monarchy, meaning the king/queen had total control. The argument for monarchy before the one presented by Hobbes was the Divine Right of Kings or “God made it this way.” Hobbes’ social contract was people give up all of their rights in return for protection and order. However, if the ruler doesn't return his side of the deal, the contract is void.
• John Locke: Two Treatises of Government (1690) He thought that for the most part, people were pretty good and believed in government
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