HK 440 study guide
1. Distinguish between viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, fungi, parasites, and prions.
2. Viruses: RNA or DNA, obligate intracellular parasites. Seek “permissive cells to infect. Some strains have shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands; Require a tissue culture in order to grow; Consist of RNA or DNA in a protective glycoprotein coat;
Influenza –
Dengue Fever – carried by mosquitos
St. Louis encephalitis virus – carried by mosquitos
HIV
Hepatitis – Makes skin a yellow tint; can get from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung cancer (type C)
Rhinovirus
Measles
Norwalk virus – highly infective and can ruin Cruise ship vacations
Rabies – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues and usually cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human; get anti-vaccine once bit
Ebola – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues
Herpes – DNA virus; can be given antibiotics to try to fight it;
Chickenpox – DNA virus
Smallpox – DNA virus
3. Bacteria: free-living organisms capable of reproduction if needs are not met: nutrients, environment (e.g. temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses). Categorized by shape: coccus (staph, strep, gonococcus, pneumococcus), bacilli (tetanus, botulinum), spirochetes (syphilis, Borrelia, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain); prokaryotic & the smallest free-living forms
Staphlococcus –
Streptococcus
Gonococcus – STI that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and burning through urethra; cultures can show negative even when it is positive; can give children eye infections at birth
Tuberculosis – lung disorder that causes mass destruction
Syphillis – affect babies and leads to stillbirths; forms shankers in the mouth; destroys cartilage
Chlamydia – get in cells but respond to antibiotics
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Clostridia tetani – rod shaped
Botulinum – rod-shaped; a neurotoxin also used in medicine
Perfingens
2. Viruses: RNA or DNA, obligate intracellular parasites. Seek “permissive cells to infect. Some strains have shown periodic changes by have mutations and forming new strands; Require a tissue culture in order to grow; Consist of RNA or DNA in a protective glycoprotein coat;
Influenza –
Dengue Fever – carried by mosquitos
St. Louis encephalitis virus – carried by mosquitos
HIV
Hepatitis – Makes skin a yellow tint; can get from tattoos and has a long term risk of lung cancer (type C)
Rhinovirus
Measles
Norwalk virus – highly infective and can ruin Cruise ship vacations
Rabies – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues and usually cause from an animal bit that opens the skin of a human; get anti-vaccine once bit
Ebola – transmitted in animal and human fluid and tissues
Herpes – DNA virus; can be given antibiotics to try to fight it;
Chickenpox – DNA virus
Smallpox – DNA virus
3. Bacteria: free-living organisms capable of reproduction if needs are not met: nutrients, environment (e.g. temp, aerobic/anaerobic) susceptible host (compromised immune defenses). Categorized by shape: coccus (staph, strep, gonococcus, pneumococcus), bacilli (tetanus, botulinum), spirochetes (syphilis, Borrelia, Gram+ bacteria retain the purplish stain); prokaryotic & the smallest free-living forms
Staphlococcus –
Streptococcus
Gonococcus – STI that affects mucus membranes in urethra and creates discharge and burning through urethra; cultures can show negative even when it is positive; can give children eye infections at birth
Tuberculosis – lung disorder that causes mass destruction
Syphillis – affect babies and leads to stillbirths; forms shankers in the mouth; destroys cartilage
Chlamydia – get in cells but respond to antibiotics
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Clostridia tetani – rod shaped
Botulinum – rod-shaped; a neurotoxin also used in medicine
Perfingens