Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Overlapping Functions

Chapter 11 – Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
I. The 3 Overlapping Functions:
a. Sensory Input:

b. Integration:

c. Motor Output:

II. Levels of Organization in the Nervous System:
a. Central Nervous System (CNS):

b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

i. Sensory (afferent) Division:

ii. Motor (efferent) Division:

1. Somatic Nervous System:

2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

a. Sympathetic Division:

b. Parasympathetic Division:

III. Histology
a. Neuroglia (CNS):

i. Astrocytes:

ii. Microglial Cells:

iii. Ependymal Cells:

iv. Oligodendrocytes:

b. Neuroglia (PNS):

i. Satellite cells:

ii. Schwann cells:

c. Neurons
i. Special Characteristics:
1. Extreme longevity:

2. Amitotic:

3. High Metabolic Rate:

ii. Cell Body:

iii. Neuron Processes:
1. Dendrites:

2. Axons:

a. Transport Along the Axon:
i. Anterograde movement:

ii. Retrograde Movement:

b. Myelin Sheath:

i. Myelination in PNS:

ii. Myelination in of CNS:

IV. Classification of Neurons
a. Structural Classification:
i. Multipolar:

ii. Bipolar:

iii. Unipolar:

b. Functional Classification:
i. Sensory, or afferent, neurons:

ii. Motor, or efferent, neurons:

iii. Interneurons:

V. Membrane Potentials:
a. Basic Principles of Electricity:
i. Voltage:

ii. Potential:

iii. Current:

iv. Resistance:

v. Ohm’s law:

b. Role of Membrane Ion Channels:
i. Leakage, or nongated channels:

ii. Chemically gated, or ligand-gated, channels:

iii. Voltage-gated channels:

iv. Mechanically gated channels:

c. The Resting Membrane Potential:
i. Resting membrane potential:

1. Polarized:

ii. Differences in Ionic Composition:

iii. Differences in Plasma Membrane Permeability:

d. Membrane