First two chapters of A&P I
Chapter One – The human Body: An Orientation (we will assume that the subject is a healthy 22 year old female 125lbs or male 155lbs.
I. Define and contrast anatomy and physiology: Anatomy provides is a static image of the body’s architecture vs. Physiology which reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings.
a. Anatomy: (derived from the Greek words “to cut apart”) is the study of the structures of the body parts and their relationship to one another. The essential tools for studying anatomy are 1) the mastery of anatomical terminology 2) observation 3) manipulation and in a living person, palpation and 4) auscultation (listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope). Subdivisions of anatomy:
i. GROSS OR MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY is the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye:
1. REGIONAL ANATOMY: all the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time.
2. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY: body structures are studied system by system.
3. SURFACE ANATOMY: the study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. ii. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye:
1. CYTOLOGY: cells.
2. HISTOLOGY: tissues.
3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: sub-cellular level. iii. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY: traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life spana:
1. EMBRYOLOGY: concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.
2. PATHOLOGY: studies structural changes caused by disease.
3. RADIOLOGY: studies internal structures as visualized by x-ray images or specialized scanning procedures.
b. PHYSIOLOGY studies how the body parts work and carry out life sustaining activities. It has many subdivisions but most of them consider the operation of specific organ systems. Physiology often focuses on events at the cellular or molecular level because the body’s abilities depend on those of its individual cells, and the cell’s abilities ultimately depend on the chemical
I. Define and contrast anatomy and physiology: Anatomy provides is a static image of the body’s architecture vs. Physiology which reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings.
a. Anatomy: (derived from the Greek words “to cut apart”) is the study of the structures of the body parts and their relationship to one another. The essential tools for studying anatomy are 1) the mastery of anatomical terminology 2) observation 3) manipulation and in a living person, palpation and 4) auscultation (listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope). Subdivisions of anatomy:
i. GROSS OR MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY is the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye:
1. REGIONAL ANATOMY: all the structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time.
2. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY: body structures are studied system by system.
3. SURFACE ANATOMY: the study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. ii. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye:
1. CYTOLOGY: cells.
2. HISTOLOGY: tissues.
3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: sub-cellular level. iii. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY: traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life spana:
1. EMBRYOLOGY: concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.
2. PATHOLOGY: studies structural changes caused by disease.
3. RADIOLOGY: studies internal structures as visualized by x-ray images or specialized scanning procedures.
b. PHYSIOLOGY studies how the body parts work and carry out life sustaining activities. It has many subdivisions but most of them consider the operation of specific organ systems. Physiology often focuses on events at the cellular or molecular level because the body’s abilities depend on those of its individual cells, and the cell’s abilities ultimately depend on the chemical