Experiment two hypothesis: The Achilles tendon response will be slower than the patellar response.
The patellar reflex will decrease when the quadriceps is tensed
The Achilles reflex will increase with a heavier tap. 4.Hypothesis
On 30/08/2012, NSCI 112 – Human Biology class did a step test to verify if there is a difference in the effect of step test exercise on the pulse rate of athletes and non-athletes. A stopwatch and paper were required to do the test. Students were divided into six groups with four members in one group. Each group picked one athlete and one non-athlete to do the step test. Two other members in each group watched the time and recorded the data.…
In this activity you will use an EKG sensor and a measuring device called an accelerometer to compare the speed of voluntary versus reflex muscle action. Just as it can measure the electrical activity of your heart, the EKG sensor will measure the electrical activity in a moving muscle. When we record the electrical activity in muscles, we call this reading an electromyogram or EMG. You will make a rough calculation of nerve impulse speed using data generated by an accelerometer and the EKG sensor. As you analyze data for response times, you will also investigate what has to occur in the nervous system during a reflex and a voluntary action.…
We said that reflex achieved greater intensity with Jendraksisk Manoever perform than without. We also said that greater stimulus from tapping the knee generates more distance from the knee. An investigation done from Tham et al (2011), stated that different strike forces done to the knee affected the amount of reflex obtained therefore, saying with low strike force generated no action potential compare to higher striking forces which generated higher reflex action potential. Our hypothesis correspond to the study done because with higher stimulus input the greater the reflex but our assumption didn't not agree with the result. The class average had a higher reflex distance without the Jendrassik maneover perform. This might state that the class made an error in striking force which many could have tapping with low force that generated less distance reflexion of the knee. The study goes on to say that using Jendrassik menauever when tapping increase the amount of sensitivity to the afferent fibres of the knee and removes the "presynaptic inhibition which thereby suppresses the motor neuron leading to an increase in reflex response" (Zehr & Stein, cited in Tham et. al., 2011). Additionally, with Jendrassik maneuver activates the motor neuron instead of the afferent fiber p410. This result supports the third hypothesis with tapping higher generated more reflex…
Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: As the stimulus frequency increases further, what will happen to the muscle tension and twitch appearance with each successive stimulus? Will there be a limit to this response? Your answer : a. As the stimulus frequency increases, the muscle tension generated by each successive stimulus will increase. There will be no limit to this increase. Stop & Think Questions: What begins to happen at around 80 msec? You correctly answered: c. unfused tetanus develops How does the trace at 130 stimuli/sec compare with the trace at 50 stimuli/sec? You correctly answered: b. Fused tetanus develops at this greater stimulus frequency. How do the traces with 146–150 stimuli per second compare with the trace at 130 stimuli per second? You correctly answered: d. Maximal tetanic tension develops with these very high stimulation frequencies. Experiment Data: Voltage 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Length 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Stimuli/sec 50 130 140 142 144 146 148 150 Active Force 5.12 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.94 5.95 5.95 5.95 Passive Force 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Force 5.12 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.94 5.95 5.95 5.95…
ACH is released at the end-plate potential. ACH diffuses into the sarcolemma, attaches to the receptors in the motor end plate and causes a change in the ions permeability that creates graded depolarization of the end-plate potential. Basically, it attaches to the receptors in the motor-end plate and creates the beginning process of triggering muscle contractions.…
5. Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltages? How well did the results compare with…
Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber, motor unit, skeletal muscle twitch, electrical stimulus, and latent period.…
The purpose of this lab is to understand the concepts of an electrocardiogram of a normal person as well as understand what a normal ECG and an exercise ECG look like when performing a Bruce protocol treadmill test.…
O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define these terms used in describing muscle physiology: multiple motor unit summation, maximal stimulus, treppe, wave summation, and tetanus. 2. To identify two ways that the mode of stimulation can affect muscle force production. 3. To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow, smooth, sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically understand the relationships between passive, active, and total forces. 6. To identify the conditions under which muscle contraction is isometric or isotonic. 7. To describe in terms of length and force the transitions between isometric and isotonic conditions during a single muscle twitch. 8. To describe the effects of resistance and starting length on the initial velocity of shortening. 9. To explain why muscle force remains constant during isotonic shortening. 10. To explain experimental results in terms of muscle structure.…
When test subjects returned, I measured each of their reaction times using the method that follows:…
2. How do the tracings change as the stimulus rate is increased?it is steeper and then it gradually becomes consistent.…
After the dynamic warm-up participants will be broken down into the control and experimental groups. 13 individuals, as part of a control group, will be asked to perform the sit-and-reach test to demonstrate flexibility followed by a vertical jump test to demonstrate power. The remaining 13 individuals, the experimental group, will be asked to engage in self myo-fascial release utilizing the foam rolling protocol followed by both the sit-and-reach and vertical jump test in that…
It was hypothesised, from knowledge built on the results of previous experiments and studies on the Stroop effect, that the participants would take the shortest amount of time to respond to stimuli when the words are colour congruent, longer when the words are colour incongruent and an intermediate speed with non colour…
Then sterilization of the site of needle insertion, a 12 cm, 20 gauge short-beveled stimulating needle attached to a nerve stimulator and attached to the surface electrode was inserted with a 90-degree angle to the skin and advanced until either plantar flexion or dorsiflexion of the foot was obtained. Initially, the stimulating current was set between 1.5 to 2 mA, and the frequency of stimulation was set at 2 Hz. The intensity of the stimulating current was gradually decreased as the needle approached the targeted nerve. The position of the needle was adjusted to maintain an adequate muscular response with a stimulating current < 0.5 mA. The goal is visible or palpable twitches of the hamstrings, calf muscles, foot, or toes at 0.2-0.5 mA current. After reaching the goal, the solution injected in the studed groups.…
An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG translates the heart's electrical activity into line tracings on paper. The spikes and dips in the line tracings are called waves.…