Biology of Cancer Study Guide
Cancer Biology Section 1 Study questions
What is lifetime risk of getting cancer for men and women in US?
Male-1:2
Female-1:3 Which cancer are men mostly likely to get in the US? Women?
Male-Prostate
Female-Breast Which cancers are the most deadly and least deadly (US)?
Most deadly- Lung
Least deadly- non-melanoma skin cancer Name the cell-types that define carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemia’s. Which type is most common?
Carcinomas- glands, organs and tissues, arise from epithelial cell lining external and internal body surfaces; most common cancer
Sarcomas- connective tissues (fat, bone, muscle)
Lymphomas- lymph nodes
Leukemias- bloodstream. Describe and identify normal tissues, tissues undergoing hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. What is the general progression of cancer at this tissue level?
Hyperplasia- more cells than normal but still organized
Dysplasia- more cells that normal but not organized
Carcinoma in situ- severe dysplasia. it is still pre-cancer, benign tumor. Use the car analogy to describe the basic differences between oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene mutations in the development of cancer.
1. Turning on oncogens (go signals, step on gas, gas petal is stuck, stuck accelerator)
2. Losing tumor suppressor (cutting the brakes)
3. Becoming immortal/immortalization (endless tank of gas)
4. Loss of apoptosis- loss of cell destruction, cells don’t die
5. angiogenesis- growth of new blood cells
6. invasion/metastasis- spread of cancer to distant sites What is telomerase and how does it relate to the development of cancer/cell immortality?
Allows cell growth What is angiogenesis and how does it relate to cancer progression?
Cancer cells promote new blood supply to feed growing tumor What is apoptosis and how does it relate to cancer progression?
Normal cell death
Mutations in cancer cells enable cell to bypass cellular safeguard mechanisms that normally eliminate damaged or
What is lifetime risk of getting cancer for men and women in US?
Male-1:2
Female-1:3 Which cancer are men mostly likely to get in the US? Women?
Male-Prostate
Female-Breast Which cancers are the most deadly and least deadly (US)?
Most deadly- Lung
Least deadly- non-melanoma skin cancer Name the cell-types that define carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemia’s. Which type is most common?
Carcinomas- glands, organs and tissues, arise from epithelial cell lining external and internal body surfaces; most common cancer
Sarcomas- connective tissues (fat, bone, muscle)
Lymphomas- lymph nodes
Leukemias- bloodstream. Describe and identify normal tissues, tissues undergoing hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. What is the general progression of cancer at this tissue level?
Hyperplasia- more cells than normal but still organized
Dysplasia- more cells that normal but not organized
Carcinoma in situ- severe dysplasia. it is still pre-cancer, benign tumor. Use the car analogy to describe the basic differences between oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene mutations in the development of cancer.
1. Turning on oncogens (go signals, step on gas, gas petal is stuck, stuck accelerator)
2. Losing tumor suppressor (cutting the brakes)
3. Becoming immortal/immortalization (endless tank of gas)
4. Loss of apoptosis- loss of cell destruction, cells don’t die
5. angiogenesis- growth of new blood cells
6. invasion/metastasis- spread of cancer to distant sites What is telomerase and how does it relate to the development of cancer/cell immortality?
Allows cell growth What is angiogenesis and how does it relate to cancer progression?
Cancer cells promote new blood supply to feed growing tumor What is apoptosis and how does it relate to cancer progression?
Normal cell death
Mutations in cancer cells enable cell to bypass cellular safeguard mechanisms that normally eliminate damaged or